Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, typically appearing on sun-exposed areas such as the face, scalp, ears, and neck. BCC often presents as a pearly or waxy bump, or a flat, flesh-colored or brown lesion with visible blood vessels. While BCC rarely spreads to other parts of the body, early detection and treatment are essential to prevent local tissue destruction and disfigurement.

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the squamous cells in the outermost layer of the skin and is commonly found on sun-exposed areas, including the face, ears, lips, and hands. SCC may appear as a firm, red nodule, a scaly patch, or a sore that fails to heal. Although SCC is less common than BCC, it has the potential to metastasize to other parts of the body if left untreated, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial.

Melanoma is a less common but more aggressive form of skin cancer that originates in the melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. Melanomas can develop anywhere on the body, including areas not exposed to the sun, and may present as an unusual mole or a new pigmented lesion. Early signs of melanoma include asymmetry, irregular borders, uneven coloration, and a diameter larger than a pencil eraser. If detected early, melanoma is highly curable, but advanced melanomas can spread rapidly to other organs, posing a significant risk to health and survival.

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of skin cancer that develops in the Merkel cells, which are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis. MCC typically appears as a painless, firm, red or purple nodule on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, neck, and scalp, and is often mistaken for a cyst or benign growth. Despite its rarity, MCC has a high risk of metastasis and recurrence, necessitating prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment.

Cutaneous lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the skin. It can manifest in various forms, including mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, and typically presents as red, scaly patches or plaques that may resemble eczema or psoriasis. Cutaneous lymphomas are rare and often challenging to diagnose, requiring specialized expertise and multidisciplinary care for optimal management.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare type of skin cancer that arises from the fibrous tissue in the skin's deeper layers. DFSP usually presents as a firm, flesh-colored or purplish nodule or plaque that grows slowly over time. While DFSP tends to be locally aggressive, with a low risk of metastasis, it can invade surrounding tissues if left untreated, necessitating complete surgical excision and close monitoring for recurrence.